At first glance, many people may think that interpreting and translating are the same thing – after all, both professions involve transferring content from one language to another. However, this first impression is wrong, as there are significant differences between the two. Interpreting entails completely different demands and challenges, which sets it apart from written translation. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at these differences.
Defining the Terms
Translation is the written transfer of a text from a source language into a target language. Translators have the time and opportunity to do research, check the context, and adjust phrasing precisely. Accuracy and preserving the original style are of great importance. Additionally, good translation requires linguistic and cultural expertise, as well as research skills.
Interpreting, on the other hand, is the oral transfer of spoken language into another language. Interpreters work in real-time, such as in conferences, negotiations, or court proceedings. They must react immediately to what is said, without the luxury of reference tools or proofreading. Unlike translation, interpreting is more context- and situation-specific. It demands not only excellent language skills but also quick comprehension and outstanding communication skills.
Types of Interpreting
In consecutive interpreting, translation is a bit delayed. The speaker recites a section of text, then pauses while the interpreter translates what was said into the target language. The interpreter must actively listen and take notes while the speaker is talking, in order to accurately convey complex information and maintain the overall message. This method is often used in formal settings, such as conferences, speeches, or negotiations.
In simultaneous interpreting, the translation is done almost in real-time with the speaker. The interpreter typically sits in a booth and listens to the original language through headphones, while simultaneously delivering the translation to the audience via a microphone. This requires extreme concentration and multitasking, as the interpreter must listen, process, and speak all at the same time. This technique is often used at conferences or large events, as it enables communication in real-time.
Whispered interpreting is a specialized form of simultaneous interpreting, in which the interpreter quietly whispers the translation directly into the listener’s ear. It is primarily used in situations where only a few participants require translation, such as in small meetings or court proceedings.
Requirements for Interpreters
Interpreters need to not only have excellent language skills in both the source and target languages but also a broad knowledge base and intercultural understanding. Outstanding memory is crucial for consecutive interpreting to accurately convey longer passages. At the same time, simultaneous interpreting demands a high level of concentration, as the translation must occur almost simultaneously. Quick and precise thinking under pressure is essential in all forms of interpreting.
Conclusion
While interpreting and translating are closely related, they differ in significant ways. Translating focuses on written precision and thorough research, whereas interpreting requires spontaneous reactions and intense concentration in real-time. Both disciplines demand excellent language skills and intercultural understanding, but interpreting additionally calls for quick thinking and flexibility under pressure.
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